Optimization of Fungal Enzyme Production by Trichoderma harzianum KUC1716 through Surfactant-Induced Morphological Changes

The morphological optimization of Trichoderma harzianum was carried out using several surfactants to achieve increased cellulase production. Addition of the surfactants to the culture medium successfully modified the fungal morphology from an aggregated form to a dispersed form. Optimization of the fungal morphology increased cellulase activity up to 177%. The morphologically optimized conditions enhanced the accessibility of the fungus to substrates and thus promoted cellulase production.

Phylogenetic Identification of Korean Gymnopus spp. and the First Report of 3 Species: G. iocephalus, G. polygrammus, and G. subnudus

Gymnopus is a cosmopolitan genus of agaric fungi and consists of ~300 species. In Korea, Gymnopus represents common saprobic mushrooms, and 12 species have been reported in Korea. Several Gymnopus specimens were collected in Korea between 2008 and 2015. To identify them exactly, phylogenetic analysis was performed by means of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal-DNA sequences from the collected Gymnopus specimens. Among them, G. iocephalus, G. polygrammus, and G. subnudus have not been reported in Korea. A phylogenetic tree and images are provided.

A comparative analysis of patients with mesiodenses: a clinical and radiological study

OBJECTIVES: A mesiodens appears most commonly as a supernumerary tooth impacted in the anterior maxilla. The purpose of this study is analyze mesiodens clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gender, crown form, direction of impaction, relation to permanent incisors, and chief complaints of patients with extracted mesiodens were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients were analyzed for motivation to visit the hospital; 85.4% of the patients were referred from other hospitals. Mesiodens was more common in males than in females (3.7:1), and 70.1% of patients had only one mesiodens, while 29.6% had two mesiodenses. Of the mesiodenses, 61.4% were of the aconical form, and the most common direction was upward (62.4%), followed by the normal position (26.0%) and the horizontal position (11.6%). The mesiodenses caused orthodontic problems with the permanent incisors in 46.3% of cases. Mesiodens associated with dentigerous cyst was rarely observed in our patient group. CONCLUSION: Mesiodens is more common in males than in females and often affects the permanent incisors. Thus, careful clinical and radiological evaluations of mesiodenses are important.

Retrospective Study on the Flow and Characteristics of Dental Emergency Patients in Chosun University Hospital

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study is to assess the importance of proper treatment timing for dental emergency patients by characterizing current patient care in the emergency room. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 3,211 patients who visited the Chosun University Hospital's dental emergency department (Gwangju, Korea) was conducted from January 1, 2011 to May 31, 2014. Information regarding age, gender, onset date, main causes, and diagnoses were collected and analyzed. The main causes were divided into six categories: assault, household/play, sports, traffic, work, and others. RESULT: Emergency visits were more common for men (69%), and the ratio of males to females was 2.2:1 On average, the major cause was household/play (49.8%), followed by others (18.9%), traffic (16.6%), assault (9.1%), sports (2.9%), and work (2.6%). The most frequent diagnosis on average was dental trauma with 82.4%, followed by infection (10.7%), others (4.7%), and bleeding (2.2%). CONCLUSION: The main reasons for visits to the dental emergency department are dental trauma, dental infection, bleeding, and others. The most frequent reason for dental emergency patients to visit the emergency department was dental trauma (82.4%).

The treatment of malocclusion after open reduction of maxillofacial fracture: a report of three cases

The posttraumatic complications of jaw fractures related to jaw function and facial deformity include nonunion, malunion, malocclusion, temporomandibular joint dysfunction and facial asymmetry. This report presents cases referred to our department for revision of malunion and malocclusion following inadequate reduction of jaw fractures. Three patients with posttraumatic malocclusions caused by malunion were treated with a LeFort I osteotomy in one case and re-fracture in two cases. All of the patients exhibited stable results without further complications (e.g., malunion or malocclusion). Accurate preoperative diagnosis and proper anatomical reduction of the fracture segments are essential to preventing post-surgical malunion and malocclusion.

A Comparison of the Effect of Lidocaine or Sodium Bicarbonate Mixed with Rocuronium on Withdrawal Movement, Mean Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate during Rocuronium Injection

PURPOSE: This study was performed to find out the effects of lidocaine or 8.4% sodium bicarbonate mixed with rocuronium on mean arterial pressure, heart rate and withdrawal movement. METHODS: Data collection was performed from December 15, 2006 through May 31, 2007. Seventy-five patients with American Society Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I & II, under general anesthesia, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: R group (RG) received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg; RL group (RLG), rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg mixed with 2 mL of 2% lidocaine; RS group (RSG), rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg with the same volume of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate and withdrawal movement were observed from its injection until 5 min after endotracheal intubation. RESULTS: The incidence of withdrawal movement with its corresponding injections was 72%, 40% and 4% in RG, RLG and RSG, respectively (p<.001). Score of withdrawal movement was the lowest in RSG of all groups (p<.001). While mean arterial pressure (p=.011) in RSG decreased significantly, and heart rate (p=.003) in RG increased more with its injection than before induction of anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Administration of the equivalent volume of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with rocuronium is more effective than that of lidocaine with rocuronium compared with rocuronium only, in preventing withdrawal movement and in stabilizing mean arterial pressure and heart rate.

A Case of Early Gastric Cancer Diagnosed from the Area of Ulcer Scar and Showing Part of Malignant Cycle / 대한소화기내시경학회지

In the case of IIc type of early gastric cancer occuring from the area of ulcer sear, endoscopic differentiation between it and beoign ulcer scar is occasionally very difficult, due to the absence of characteristic malignant features. The presence of the irregular granular mucosal changes on the area of ulcer scar may be very helpful in the differential diagnosis between early gastric cancer and benign ulcer sear. And underetanding of the malignant cycle of early gaetric cancer is very important for the diagnosis of the depressed forms of early gastric cancer, We experienced and report a cases of IIc type of early gastric cancer diagnosed before operation by the endoscopic finding of irregular granular mucoeal changes on the area of ulcer scar and showing part of malignant cycle.